Abstract Background Significant association between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and stroke has been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the level of anti-BP180 antibody in stroke patients to explore the relationship between BP and stroke in their pathogenesis. Methods We collected serum samples from stroke patients and matched controls between February 2019 and June 2020. The anti-BP180 antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A total of 1183 stroke patients including 970 with cerebral infarction (CI), 192 with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 21 with CI and ICH, and 855 controls were enrolled in this study. Anti-BP180 autoantibody values were significantly higher in stroke patients than in controls (p < 0.001). Anti-BP180 autoantibody-positive rates were 12.51% (148) in stroke patients and 4.68% (40) in controls (p < 0.001, OR = 2.65). In anti-BP180 autoantibody-positive subjects, the values were significantly higher in stroke patients than in controls (p < 0.001). However, only 10 (6.76%) stroke patients and 3 (7.5%) controls had high values (> 100 RU/mL) (p = 0.87). Stratified analysis showed that anti-BP180 antibody positive rates were independent of age, sex, and stroke subtypes in the stroke group. Positive rates in patients with both CI and ICH were nearly two times higher than those in patients with either CI or ICH alone (p = 0.11, OR = 1.94). Study limitations This study had a limited sample size and lacked quantitative criteria for stroke severity. Conclusions Anti-BP180 antibody values and positive rates were higher in stroke patients than in controls, suggesting that stroke patients may have higher of developing BP.

RESUMO: A planta de eucalipto libera substâncias químicas alelopáticas no ambiente principalmente através dos óleos essenciais volatilizados das folhas. Este estudo teve como objetivo discutir a composição dos óleos foliares de algumas variedades com sete anos de idade como Eucalyptus pellita (E. pel), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E. cama), Eucalyptus grandis (E. gra), Eucalyptus dunni (E. dun ), Eucalyptus saligna (E. sal) e E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra× E. uro) e E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra × E. uro(três )). Também pretendeu-se determinar o mecanismo alelopático e os tipos de componentes químicos que desempenham o papel principal. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação e analisado pelo método de Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massa (GC-MS). Para determinar o efeito da alelopatia, experimentos de germinação de sementes foram realizados em diferentes concentrações (10-100 mL/L) do óleo foliar de E. Gra × E. uro (OE) e dos componentes majoritários. As sementes de trigo germinadas pela adição de 1,8-cineol foram usadas para determinar a atividade da α-amilase. Além disso, a expressão de mRNA de α-amilase em sementes também foi estudada.: A principal classe química do óleo essencial foi o monoterpeno oxigenado; O 1,8-cineol (20,2-67,5%) apresentou o maior teor. Outras substâncias que eram de alto teor e onipresentes incluíam α-pineno (0,3-21,8%), α-terpineol (0,44-19,24%) e borneol (0,81-3,05%). Os quatro constituintes químicos e o OE influenciaram a germinação e o crescimento das três plantas. Entre eles, o 1,8-cineol exibiu o efeito inibitório mais forte. A atividade de α-amilase das sementes de trigo tratadas com 1,8-cineol diminuiu significativamente. Evidências moleculares sugeriram que o 1,8-cineol diminuiu a expressão do gene α-amilase (AMY).

ABSTRACT: The Eucalyptus plant releases allelopathic chemicals into the environment mostly through the essential oils volatilized from the leaves. This study discussed the composition of the leaf oils of few seven-year-old varieties like Eucalyptus pellita (E. pel), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E. cama), Eucalyptus grandis (E. gra), Eucalyptus dunni (E. dun), Eucalyptus saligna (E. sal), and E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra×E. uro) and three-year-old E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra × E. uro (three)). It determined the allelopathic mechanism and the types of chemical components playing the leading role. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. In order to determine the effect of allelopathy, seed germination experiments were carried out at different concentrations (10-100 mL/L) of the E. Gra × E. uro leaf oil (EO) and the major components. The wheat seeds germinated by adding 1,8-cineole were used to determine the activity of α-amylase. Moreover, the mRNA expression of α-amylase in seeds was studied. The major chemical class in the essential oil was oxygenated monoterpene; 1,8-cineole (20.2-67.5%) displayed the highest content. Other substances that were high in content and ubiquitous included α-pinene (0.3-21.8%), α-terpineol (0.44-19.24%), and borneol (0.81-3.05%). The four chemical constituents and EO influenced the germination and growth of the three plants. Among them, 1,8-cineole exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. The α-amylase activity of the 1,8-cineole-treated wheat seeds had decreased significantly. Molecular evidence suggested that 1,8-cineole decreased the α-amylase gene (AMY) expression.

Abstract Using UPLC and PDA detector, the fingerprints of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale produced in the Longling area of Yunnan Province, China were obtained quickly and efficiently, and 26 common peaks in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale samples were obtained by automatic peak matching through the “Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System”. The relative peak areas of the common peaks were analyzed by PCA using R, and the results showed that Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale could be well distinguished by PCA, which was consistent with the analysis results of OPLS-DA. The results fully demonstrate that Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale grown in the same area can be effectively distinguished by using the method of common peaks combined with stoichiometry. The VIP value of the 13 common peaks is greater than 1.0, which has a significant contribution to the difference and it was differential marker in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale. At the same time, normal-phase silica gel column chromatography was used to separate and purify the compounds that are related to the common peaks, and a total of 7 compounds were identified, among which eupatolide and isoschaftoside belong to differential markers and characteristic compounds in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale, which have good biological health care activity. The successful identification of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale in Longling area of Yunnan Province and the discovery of related differential markers play an important role in the further research and development of Dendrobium devonianum as a new food raw material and its products.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical training of high-level archers is a very critical point. It is now known that the ultimate goal of athletes’ training is to achieve a good competitive state in their physical training. This has revealed that the relationship between athletes’ attention stability and their performance in archery competitions also needs to be explored. Objective: Analyze the fitness training methods for Chinese archers. In addition, this paper also explores the relationship between attention and performance in competitions. Methods: By random sampling method, 24 archery athletes were investigated. They were divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Group A represented excellent scores (8), group B with good scores (8), and group C with average scores (8). Statistical methods were used to analyze and infer the data. Using the SPSS program, mathematical statistics were performed to objectify the data collected. Results: Athletes in group A had the greatest increase in attention after training, showing statistical significance (P<0.01). The comparison between groups B and C also showed statistical significance (P<0.01). Significant differences were found in the stability of attention between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: The sport bow practice method can effectively improve athletes’ concentration. This training method showed a significant effect on improving archers’ attention and concentration. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La preparación física de los arqueros de alto nivel es un punto muy crítico y hoy en día se sabe que el objetivo final del entrenamiento de los deportistas es alcanzar un buen estado competitivo en su preparación física. Esto ha revelado que la relación entre la estabilidad de la atención de los atletas y su rendimiento en las competiciones de tiro con arco también debe ser explorada. Objetivo: Analizar los métodos de entrenamiento físico de los arqueros chinos. Además, este trabajo también explora la relación entre la atención y el rendimiento en las competiciones. Métodos: Mediante un método de muestreo aleatorio se investigaron 24 atletas de tiro con arco. Se dividieron en tres grupos: A, B y C. El grupo A, que representa resultados excelentes (8); el grupo B, con buenos resultados (8), y el grupo C, con resultados medios (8). Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos para analizar e inferir los datos. Utilizando el programa SPSS, se realizaron estadísticas matemáticas para objetivar los datos recogidos. Resultados: Los atletas del grupo A tuvieron el mayor aumento de la atención después del entrenamiento, mostrando significación estadística (P<0,01). La comparación entre los grupos B y C también presentó significación estadística (P<0,01). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la estabilidad de la atención entre los grupos experimental y de control. Conclusión: El método de práctica del arco deportivo puede mejorar eficazmente la concentración de los deportistas. Este método de entrenamiento mostró un efecto significativo en la mejora de la atención y la concentración de los arqueros. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento físico dos arqueiros de alto nível é um ponto muito crítico e atualmente sabe-se que o objetivo final do treinamento dos atletas é alcançar um bom estado competitivo em seu treinamento físico. Isso tem revelado que a relação entre a estabilidade da atenção dos atletas e seu desempenho nas competições com arco também precisa ser explorada. Objetivo: Analisar os métodos de treinamento de aptidão física para os arqueiros chineses. Além disso, este documento também explora a relação entre a atenção e o desempenho nas competições. Métodos: Pelo método de amostragem aleatória investigou-se 24 atletas de arco e flecha. Eles foram divididos em três grupos: A, B, e C. O grupo A representando excelentes resultados (8); O grupo B com boas notas (8), e o grupo C com notas médias (8). Utilizou-se métodos estatísticos para analisar e inferir os dados. Utilizando o programa SPSS, foram realizadas as estatísticas matemáticas para objetivar os dados coletados. Resultados: Os atletas do grupo A tiveram o maior aumento na atenção após o treinamento, apresentando significância estatística (P<0,01). A comparação entre os grupos B e C também apresentou significância estatística significativa (P<0,01). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na estabilidade da atenção entre os grupos experimental e controle. Conclusão: O método de prática com arco esportivo pode efetivamente melhorar a concentração dos atletas. Este método de treinamento apresentou um efeito significativo na melhoria da atenção e concentração dos arqueiros. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Volleyball is a team sport where winning the confrontation at the net largely determines characteristics. Volleyball players must constantly strive to improve team cooperation, defensive ability, and speed skills to improve their ability to perform over the net. Objective: Establish a fixed intensity load model for speed training on the athlete's visual response in volleyball. Methods: This paper selected several volleyball players as research subjects, randomly divided into two groups (regular training and experimental groups). The experimental group was subjected to a visual response speed training protocol based on routine training. Mathematical statistics were employed to analyze the athletes’ reaction speed and defensive ability against the net. Results: The qualities analyzed, mainly movement speed, swing speed, agility, and endurance for fast swing and fast movement, showed a significant differential after the intervention. The speed response was concentrated in the center of body balance. The lower limbs increased the endurance for speed. After visual reaction speed training, the experimental group's ability to cope with attacks on the net was statistically superior (P<0.05). Conclusion: The proposed protocol can improve the reaction speed training of volleyball players. Volleyball players should reinforce reaction speed training daily to perform better close to the net. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El voleibol es un deporte de equipo y sus características ganadoras están determinadas en gran medida por el enfrentamiento en la red. Los jugadores de voleibol deben esforzarse constantemente por mejorar la cooperación en equipo, la capacidad defensiva y las habilidades de velocidad para mejorar su capacidad de actuación sobre la red. Objetivo: Establecer un modelo de carga de intensidad fija para el entrenamiento de velocidad sobre la respuesta visual del deportista en el voleibol. Métodos: Este trabajo selecciona a varios jugadores de voleibol como sujetos de investigación, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos (grupos de entrenamiento regular y grupos experimentales). El grupo experimental tuvo el diferencial de ser sometido a un protocolo de entrenamiento de la velocidad de respuesta visual basado en el entrenamiento rutinario. Se emplearon estadísticas matemáticas para analizar la velocidad de reacción y la capacidad defensiva de los atletas contra la red. Resultados: Las cualidades analizadas, principalmente la velocidad de movimiento, la velocidad de balanceo, la agilidad y la resistencia para el balanceo rápido y el movimiento rápido mostraron un diferencial significativo después de la intervención. La velocidad de respuesta se concentró en el centro de equilibrio del cuerpo. La resistencia para la velocidad se incrementó en los miembros inferiores. Tras el entrenamiento de la velocidad de reacción visual, la capacidad del grupo experimental para afrontar los ataques sobre la red fue estadísticamente superior (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento de la velocidad de reacción de los jugadores de voleibol puede mejorar con el protocolo propuesto. Los jugadores de voleibol deben reforzar el entrenamiento de la velocidad de reacción en su formación diaria para mejorar su capacidad de actuación cerca de la red. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O voleibol é um esporte coletivo e suas características de vitória são determinadas em grande parte pelo confronto em rede. Os jogadores de vôlei devem se esforçar constantemente para melhorar a cooperação da equipe, a capacidade defensiva e habilidades de velocidade para melhorar a capacidade de atuarem pela a rede. Objetivo: Estabelecer um modelo de carga de intensidade fixa para o treinamento de velocidade na resposta visual do atleta em voleibol. Métodos: Este trabalho seleciona vários jogadores de vôlei como objetos de pesquisa, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (grupos de treinamento regular e grupos experimentais). O grupo experimental teve o diferencial de ser submetido a um protocolo treinamento de velocidade de resposta visual baseado no treinamento de rotina. Estatísticas matemáticas foram empregadas para analisar a velocidade de reação dos atletas e a capacidade defensiva contra a rede. Resultados: As qualidades analisadas, principalmente velocidade de movimento, velocidade de balanço, agilidade e resistência para balanço rápido e movimento rápido mostraram um diferencial significativo após a intervenção. A velocidade de resposta concentrou-se no centro de equilíbrio corporal. A resistência para a velocidade foi incrementada pelos membros inferiores. Após o treinamento da velocidade de reação visual, a capacidade do grupo experimental de enfrentar os ataques sobre a rede foi estatisticamente superior (P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento da velocidade de reação dos jogadores de vôlei pode ser aprimorado com o protocolo proposto. Os jogadores de vôlei devem reforçar o treinamento da velocidade de reação em seu treinamento diário afim de uma melhor capacidade de atuação próxima à rede. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic safety and accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy (US-CNB) Axillary Lymph Nodes (ALNs) region in patients with Breast Cancer (BC). Methods: The authors searched the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for clinical trials about US-CNB for the detection of ALNs in breast cancer patients. The authors extracted and pooled raw data from the included studies and performed statistical analyses using Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Review Manager 5.3 software. A random effects model was used to calculate the data. At the same time, data from the Ultrasound-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (US-FNA) were introduced for comparison with the US-CNB. In addition, the subgroup was performed to explore the causes of heterogeneity. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022369491). Results: In total, 18 articles with 2521 patients were assessed as meeting the study criteria. The overall sensitivity was 0.90 (95% CI [Confidence Interval], 0.87‒0.91; p = 0.00), the overall specificity was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98‒ 1.00; p = 0.62), the overall area under the curve (AUC) was 0.98. Next, in the comparison of US-CNB and US-FNA, US-CNB is better than US-FNA in the diagnosis of ALNs metastases. The sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84‒ 0.91; p = 0.12) vs. 0.73 (95% CI 0.69‒0.76; p = 0.91), the specificity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99‒1.00; p = 1.00) vs. 0.99 (95% CI 0.67‒0.74; p = 0.92), and the AUC was 0.99 vs. 0.98. Subgroup analysis showed that heterogeneity may be related to preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) treatment, region, size of tumor diameter, and the number of punctures. Conclusion: US-CNB has a satisfactory diagnostic performance with good specificity and sensitivity in the preoperative diagnosis of ALNs in BC patients.

RESUMO Introdução: A depressão é uma doença comum em todo o mundo. Os principais métodos de tratamento atuais incluem medicação, psicoterapia e fisioterapia. Contudo, graças às limitações dos métodos de tratamento, a aderência a eles é pequena. Participar de vários esportes é uma maneira eficiente de se tratar a depressão. Objetivo: Verificar a influência de esportes na condição depressiva e seu efeito no tratamento clínico da doença. Método: Selecionou-se 60 pacientes hospitalizados, que foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos: um grupo experimental e um grupo controle. O grupo controle tomou antidepressivos por oito semanas, e o grupo experimental usou os medicamentos somados à prática de esportes. Testou-se os níveis de beta-endorfina (β-EP) dos dois grupos antes e depois do tratamento, e a pontuação na escala HAMD foi avaliada. Resultados: Houve diferença na pontuação e nos níveis de β-EP entre os grupos, indicando que o efeito do tratamento foi melhor no grupo experimental. Conclusão: A terapia com exercício físico é capaz de mobilizar o entusiasmo dos pacientes com depressão. Esse plano de tratamento aumenta a eficiência da terapia e é adequado para promoção e aplicação a longo prazo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Depression is a common disease worldwide. The main treatment methods currently include medication, psychotherapy, and physical therapy. However, due to limitations in treatment methods, treatment compliance is poor. Participating in various sports is very effective in treating depression. Objective: To verify the influence of sports on the condition of depression and on the effect of its clinical treatment. Methods: The article selected a total of 60 hospitalized patients with depression who were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The control group took antidepressant drugs for eight weeks, and the experimental group took the drugs with the supplementary practice of sports. The two groups of patients were tested for serum β-endorphin (β-EP) levels before and after treatment, and HAMD scores were performed. Results: The scores and serum β-endorphin (β-EP) levels of the two groups of patients were different, showing that effect of the treatment was better in the experimental group. Conclusion: Physical exercise therapy can mobilize the enthusiasm of patients with depression. This treatment plan increases treatment efficiency and is suitable for long-term clinical promotion and application. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: La depresión es una enfermedad común en todo el mundo. Los principales métodos de tratamiento actuales incluyen medicación, psicoterapia y fisioterapia. Sin embargo, gracias a las limitaciones de los métodos de tratamiento, la adherencia a los mismos es baja. Practicar varios deportes es una forma eficaz de tratar la depresión. Objetivo: Verificar la influencia de los deportes en la condición depresiva y su efecto en el tratamiento clínico de la enfermedad. Método: Se seleccionaron 60 pacientes hospitalizados, que fueron aleatoriamente divididos en dos grupos: un grupo experimental y un grupo control. El grupo control tomó antidepresivos por ocho semanas, y el grupo experimental usó los medicamentos sumados a la práctica de deportes. Se analizaron los niveles de beta-endorfina (β-EP) de ambos grupos antes y después del tratamiento, y se evaluó la puntuación de la escala HAMD. Resultados: Hubo diferencia en la puntuación y en los niveles de β-EP entre los grupos, indicando que el efecto del tratamiento fue mejor en el grupo experimental. Conclusión: La terapia con ejercicio físico es capaz de movilizar el entusiasmo de los pacientes con depresión. Este plan de tratamiento aumenta la eficacia de la terapia y es adecuado para la promoción y aplicación a largo plazo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

A series of novel betulin-28-hydrazone derivatives (7a-7o) were synthesized. All compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities in four human carcinoma cells (HepG2, MCF-7, HCT-116 and A549). Among them, compound 7l displayed the most potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 (concentration of the tested compound that inhibits 50% of cell growth) value of 7.37 ± 0.38 μM against MCF-7 cells. The preliminary cellular mechanism studies indicated that compound 7l could induce MCF-7 cells apoptosis. The above findings indicated that compound 7l may be used as a lead compound for antitumor agents with improved efficacy.

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mivacurium in the application of fast-track anesthesia for transthoracic device closure of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in children. Methods: The data of 108 children who underwent transthoracic device closure of VSDs from December 2018 to June 2020 were recorded and analyzed. All children were divided into group M (mivacurium group, n=55) and group C (cisatracurium group, n=53) according to the different muscle relaxant drug used. Results: No statistically significant differences in general preoperative data, intraoperative hemodynamic changes, or the incidence of adverse reactions were noted between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the intubation condition rating of children in group M was better than that in group C. The onset time, duration of clinical action and recovery index of the muscle relaxant, postoperative mechanical ventilation duration, and length of intensive care unit stay in group M were significantly lower than those in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is safe and feasible to use mivacurium as a muscle relaxant in children undergoing fast-track cardiac anesthesia during transthoracic device closure of VSDs.

Abstract The aims of this study were to analyze the coding region sequence of the SIRT5 gene and to explore the association of SIRT5 gene expression with meat quality traits in the F1 generation of wild boar × Kele pigs (Yeke F1). In this study, two SNPs (g.5753 A > G, g.16916 A > G) were found in the CDS region of the SIRT5 that could affect meat quality. SIRT5 was an unstable hydrophilic protein with a highly conservative structure of the SIR2 functional domain. The expression of SIRT5 in subcutaneous fat was significantly higher than that of the longissimus dorsi muscle from Yeke F1 pigs (P < 0.01). The expression level of SIRT5 negatively correlated with meat color (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with the pH1 (P < 0.05) in longissimus dorsi muscle. Expression of SIRT5 was positively correlated with meat tenderness, muscle moisture, heptadecanoic acid, elmintic acid and methyl nervonate (P < 0.01); however, it was negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content, myristic acid, stearic acid and trans linoleic acid (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous fat. This study indicated that SIRT5 could be used as a candidate gene for regulating intramuscular fat content and flavor indexes of Yeke F1 pigs.

Abstract Background: The internal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) gene family was a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) gene family, mainly involved in the non-phosphorylated respiratory pathways in mitochondria and played crucial roles in response to abiotic stress. Methods: The whole genome identification, structure analysis and expression pattern of NDA gene family were conducted to analyze the NDA gene family. Results: There were 51, 52, 26, and 24 NDA genes identified in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. According to the structural characteristics of genes and traits of phylogenetic tree, we divided the NDA gene family into 8 clades. Gene structure analysis showed that the NDA gene family was relatively conservative. The four Gossypium species had good collinearity, and segmental duplication played an important role in the evolution of the NDA gene family. Analysis of cis-elements showed that most GhNDA genes contained cis-elements related to light response and plant hormones (ABA, MeJA and GA). The analysis of the expression patterns of GhNDA genes under different alkaline stress showed that GhNDA genes were actively involved in the response to alkaline stress, possibly through different molecular mechanisms. By analyzing the existing RNA-Seq data after alkaline stress, it was found that an NDA family gene GhNDA32 was expressed, and then theGhNDA32 was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). By observing the phenotype, we found that the wilting degree of silenced plants was much higher than that of the control plant after alkaline treatment, suggesting that GhNDA32 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress. Conclusions: In this study, GhNDAs participated in response to alkaline stress, especially NaHCO3 stress. It was of great significance for the future research on the molecular mechanism of NDA gene family in responding to abiotic stresses.

Abstract Nowadays brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) have aroused great interest of consumers, due to the higher nutrition compared with polished rice. In this study, the nutritional and bioactive compositions of BR and GBR samples prepared by 6 early indica rice cultivars and 12 middle indica rice cultivars from three producing areas were investigated. The free amino acid (215.75 mg/100 g), γ-aminobutyric acid (18.04 mg/100 g) and ferulic acid (195.9 μg/ g) content in early indica rice cultivars after germinated were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of other cultivars. In addition, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models were able to identify BR and GBR, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were the most differential metabolites of all tested rice samples after germinated. The results provided the potential of early indica rice on functional food processing.

Abstract Background: Cytokinin signal transduction is mediated by a two-component system (TCS). Two-component systems are utilized in plant responses to hormones as well as to biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli. In plants, response regulatory genes (RRs) are one of the main members of the two-component system (TCS). Method: From the aspects of gene structure, evolution mode, expression type, regulatory network and gene function, the evolution process and role of RR genes in the evolution of the cotton genome were analyzed. Result: A total of 284 RR genes in four cotton species were identified. Including 1049 orthologous/paralogous gene pairs were identified, most of which were whole genome duplication (WGD). The RR genes promoter elements contain phytohormone responses and abiotic or biotic stress-related cis-elements. Expression analysis showed that RR genes family may be negatively regulate and involved in salt stress and drought stress in plants. Protein regulatory network analysis showed that RR family proteins are involved in regulating the DNA-binding transcription factor activity (COG5641) pathway and HP kinase pathways. VIGS analysis showed that the GhRR7 gene may be in the same regulatory pathway as GhAHP5 and GhPHYB, ultimately negatively regulating cotton drought stress by regulating POD, SOD, CAT, H2O2 and other reactive oxygen removal systems. Conclusion: This study is the first to gain insight into RR gene members in cotton. Our research lays the foundation for discovering the genes related to drought and salt tolerance and creating new cotton germplasm materials for drought and salt tolerance.

Abstract Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is widely recognized as severe postoperative central nervous dysfunction and has a significant impact on the ’patient’s physical and mental health. Methods: Postoperative models of tibial fracture in aged rats were established, including the control group, model group, CCL11 protein injection group, and saline injection group. Morris water maze test was used to detect the behavioral characteristics of rats. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used or determine the content of CCL11 and CXCL10. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the distribution of CD14+CD163+macro-phages in colon tissues and CD11b+CCR3+microglia cells in hippocampal tissues. Western blot analyzed NOX1 and STAT3 expression in hippocampus tissues. Results: Water maze test results confirmed severe cognitive impairment in CCL11 rats. The content of CCL11 and CXCL10 in the CCL11 group was much higher than that of the model group. The distribution of macrophage and microglia cells in the CCL11 model group was greater than that in the model group and the saline group. The expression of NOX1 and STAT3 in the CCL11 group was higher compared with the model group. Conclusion: Abnormal macrophage function and excessive CCL11 secretion were observed in the rats with lower limb fractures after surgery. Postoperative central inflammation in rats with lower limb fracture induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction through the gut-brain axis molecular mechanism.

Abstract Hederagenin, a natural compound distributed in many medicinal plants, has a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti- apoptosis.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hederagenin on decreasing blood lipid and anti-oxidative stress in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells and hyperlipidemic rats, and explore underlying mechanisms. In vitro, TG was used as the index to verify the lipid-lowering effect of hederagenin in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. In vivo, TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C were used as direct indicators to study the antilipemic effect of hederagenin in hyperlipidemic rats. MDA, SOD, and GSH-PX were measured to analyze the anti-oxidative effect of hederagenin. The signaling pathways of anti-oxidation were evaluated using Western blot. Our results showed that hederagenin (250μmol/L) increased significantly TG clearance rate. In addition, treatment with hederagenin, XZK and simvastatin reduced effectively TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA content, and increased HDL-C, SOD and GSH-PX in HFD rats. Moreover, the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK was inhibited after administration of hederagenin, XZK and simvastatin. Our results revealed that hederagenin possessed beneficial potentials for hypolipidemic effects, especially in TG clearance. The mechanism might be associated with inhibition of lipid absorption, reduction of lipid oxidation, and down-regulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation.